Food systems are under growing pressure to support human and planetary health. The Periodic Table of Food Initiative (PTFI) explores cutting-edge science to reshape nutrition, such as multi-omics tools — technologies that map food at the molecular level. PTFI states that these tools and collaborative research among its partners enable a holistic understanding of food composition and lay the groundwork for transformative innovations. Nutrition Insight continues our talk with Selena Ahmed, PTFI’s global director, and Mariana Barboza, research program manager for the Innovation Institute for Food and Health (IIFH) at the University of California (UC), Davis.