13 Feb 2024 --- Cyprus-based researchers conclude that bovine lactoferrin is an effective intervention for patients with low hemoglobin (Hb) concentration after reviewing clinical trials that compare the ingredient with iron. Although iron supplementation is currently the most common treatment for low Hb blood levels, its adverse side effects lead to poor patient adherence. An insufficient level of red blood cells to support the body’s metabolic needs can lead to anemia — low Hb concentration — contributing significantly to global morbidity and mortality figures. According to the review, oral iron supplementation “usually causes unwanted gastrointestinal side effects in patients in 70% of cases.”